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Coderivations of Cocommutative Coalgebras

Heterogeneity of Patients With Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: Linkage to Autoimmunity Is Apparent Only in Those With Perceived Need for Insulin Treatment

OBJECTIVE Subjects with the diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) are more prone to need insulin treatment than those with type 2 diabetes. However, not all patients with LADA develop the need for insulin treatment, indicating the heterogeneity of LADA. We investigated this heterogeneity by comparing phenotypes of LADA with and without perceived need for insulin treatment (da...

مقایسه بیماران مبتلا به دیابت پنهان خودایمن و دیابت نوع 1 از نظر سابقه خانوادگی دیابت

Background: Latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) is a form of autoimmune diabetes initially managed with oral hypoglycemic agents before becoming insulin requiring. One of the LADA risk factors is family history of diabetes (FHD) that less well understood. Our aim was investigate the influence of FHD on the incidence of LADA compared with those for type 1. Methods: In this cross section...

Symmetric Brace Algebras

We develop a symmetric analog of brace algebras and discuss the relation of such algebras to L∞-algebras. We give an alternate proof that the category of symmetric brace algebras is isomorphic to the category of pre-Lie algebras. As an application, symmetric braces are used to describe transfers of strongly homotopy structures. We then explain how these symmetric brace algebras may be used to e...

Derivations of Homotopy Algebras

We recall the definition of strong homotopy derivations of A∞ algebras and introduce the corresponding definition for L∞ algebras. We define strong homotopy inner derivations for both algebras and exhibit explicit examples of both.